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Install PostgreSQL 16 (Hardened)

Launch, connect, and validate — with the expected result after every step.

Prerequisites

AWS

  1. Subscribe and launch; same local-only posture applies.
    Expected result `sudo -u postgres pg_isready` → accepting connections.

Google Cloud

  1. Deploy from the Marketplace listing (or the deployment package): shielded VM, OS Login, IAP-only SSH — 5432 is NOT exposed by the package by default.
    Expected result gcloud compute ssh <vm> --tunnel-through-iap works; `sudo -u postgres pg_isready` reports accepting connections.
  2. For in-VPC clients: set listen_addresses in postgresql.conf, add a pg_hba.conf rule for your subnet, restart postgresql, and add a firewall rule for 5432 from that subnet only.
    Expected result psql from an app VM in the subnet connects; the internet cannot.

Validate

sudo -u postgres pg_isready   → 'accepting connections'

First boot: Cluster is initialized by the distro packages; service enabled. Ready when pg_isready succeeds (seconds after boot).

Secure it

Costs & quotas

Software is billed by the marketplace at the listed rate; infrastructure (VM, storage, egress) is billed by your cloud at its standard rates. The recommended size fits default service quotas in most accounts — if you scale out, review your cloud's quota console before launch.

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